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Risk identification tools and techniques |Download Format

01/03/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

Risk identification tools and techniques:

Hello Readers! Today we will discuss Risk identification tools and techniques & identification of several types of risks. As you know most of the business system standards are upgraded to risk base. And there is a special clause mentioned in the new standard as risk and opportunity. So here we will talk about tools and techniques to identify the risk related to the standard requirements. Before going through the details process download the risk identification template/formats from the below links.

DOWNLOAD-SWOT Analysis Format for risk identification.

DOWNLOAD-Risk Identification Format.

Risk identification tools and techniques:

Although we have posted separate articles on SWOT analysis and Risk identification Tools, even also we will let you know about the steps and basic idea of risk identification. Every standard has some input while identification of Risk and Opportunity. A simple example is prescribed below for your better understanding.

SWOT Analysis Technique:

SWOT stands for Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Before doing analysis you have to identify the past and current issues.

Steps:

Identify the past and current issues.
Consider the Business standard’s input to identify the probability of uncertainty.

Example: let you are going to identify the risk and opportunity related to marketing/sales operations and use the SWOT analysis to do so.

Past and current issue: Field failure.

Probability of uncertainty: Low sales volume.

	Strengths	Weaknesses	Opportunities	Threats
Field failure	Advanced research and development centre, On-job training and knowledge enhancement to the inspector, advanced service centre.	1. Manufacturing defect, 2. Design problem.	1. Provision for error proofing to prevent the manufacturing process defect. 2. Provision in further analysis of design-related problems.	Profit loss, customer dissatisfaction.
Low sales volume	….	Competitive market, inconsistent market demand,	We can start selling products in overseas, if possible some offer on the product.	Profit loss, low sales turnover.

If you would like to know more about SWOT Analysis in several operations and other tools to identify the risks and opportunities then read the below post;

We have discussed here only on SWOT Analysis methodology to identify the Risk but there are many more methods, tools, and ways to identify the Risk.

If you would like to identify the OH&S-related risk then you can use the HIRA Study and HAZOP study also.

similarly, for EMS-related Risk, you can do an Aspect and impact study.

For process and design-related risk identification, you can do the PFMEA and DFMEA study.

Swot Analysis of a Company Challenges.

Sales vs Marketing |Top-5 Marketing Issue SWOT Analysis.

SWOT Analysis Word Template.

Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples.

7QC Tools Excel Template |DOWNLOAD Format.

Decision of process capability analysis |Download Format.

Free Download Tools and Techniques format

Thank you for Reading…Keep visiting Techiequality.Com

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Shanti Gopal Pradhan is an experienced professional in Quality Management Systems, QA, Operations, Business Excellence, and Process Improvement. He has strong expertise in international standards including IATF 16949, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, and ISO 17025, along with methodologies such as TQM, TPM, and Six Sigma.

He holds a degree in Mechanical Engineering along with an MBA, combining strong technical acumen with strategic business insight, he is a Certified Internal Auditor, Lead Auditor, and Six Sigma Black Belt, with a proven track record in driving quality transformation and operational excellence.

7 principles of QMS | Quality Management Principles

01/03/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

Quality Management Principles:

Hello Readers! Today we will discuss here in principles of a quality management system. There are 7 principles of QMS on which ISO 9001 and IATF 16949 are based. Seven quality management principles are [1] Customer Focus [2] Leadership [3] Engagement of people [4] Process Approach [5] Improvement [6] Evidence-based decision-making [7] Relationship Management.

DOWNLOAD-7QC Tools Excel Template [Pareto chart, Fishbone Diagram, Histogram, etc.]

You could also like to read our below articles:

Risk identification tools and techniques |Download Format.

SPC Format |DOWNLOAD Excel Template of SPC Study

why-why analysis methodology | 5-why analysis step by step guide.

Error Proofing Understanding & Implementation of IATF 16949 Clauses 10.2.4

7 principles of QMS:

Customer Focus.
Leadership.
Engagement of people.
Process Approach.
Improvement.
Evidence-based decision making.
Relationship Management.

Customer Focus: The primary focus of QMS is to meet customer requirements (Needs and Expectations).
Leadership: Leaders at all levels (process owners) will establish unity and provide the direction to meet the QMS requirements and quality targets.
People Engagement: Participation and consultation of people in concern function to deliver the value.
Process Approach: Enables an organization to plan its processes and their interaction. An organization shall focus on risk-based thinking and ensure the adequacy of resources, process control, monitoring, and measurement.
Improvement: The organization is supposed to focus on improvement (continual/continuous).
Evidence-based decision making: Decision-based on the analysis and evaluation of data.
Relationship Management: The organization manages its relationship with the employee, union, interested parties, customer, external provider, etc.

The Process Approach to QMS (ISO 9001, IATF 16949):

01/03/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

Process Approach:

Hello readers! Today we will discuss the process approach. Why QMS standard (ISO 9001, IATF 16949) promotes the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing, and improving the effectiveness of a quality management system, to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements. As per ISO definition process approach is; Understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its intended results. This approach enables the organization to control the interrelationships and interdependencies among the processes of the system so that the overall performance of the organization can be enhanced.

DOWNLOAD-7QC Tools and SPC Templates.

You could also like to read our below articles;

7 principles of QMS | Quality Management Principles

Risk identification tools and techniques |Download Format

SPC Format |DOWNLOAD Excel Template of SPC Study

why-why analysis methodology | 5-why analysis step by step guide

The Decision of process capability analysis |Download Format

UNDERSTANDING OF PROCESS APPROACH WITH EXAMPLE:

As we know organizations have several departments for executing a certain activity. And for multiple processes, it’s difficult to understand the process interaction and department involvement. So the process approach will help you to meet the intended result of QMS and Customer requirements. Every process follows the PDCA cycle to complete the activities as plan-do-check-act. For completing the cycle of PDCA, the individual department will be involved in the appropriate phase. The Schematic diagram of multiple processes is given below.

The process approach is one of the Principles of QMS.

How a company correlates its activity after getting orders from customers:

Basically, the customer intimates the order to the customer representative (marketing) and then the organization executes the job activities according to their process approach. Subsequent to the customer requirement, the PPC department prepares the monthly/shift-wise plan and accordingly informs to support department for readiness and prompt supply of input requirements. Then the process manager arranges the process accordingly to execute the process and simultaneously QC team monitors the process and product characteristics to confirm the product and allow passing the next operation and doing so the product is made and supplied to the customer with the fulfillment of their requirement. I hope you got a complete idea of how the process and several departments have interacted with each other to complete the jobs. So actually this is called the process approach.

Decision of process capability analysis |Download Format

28/02/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

Decision of process capability analysis:

Hello Readers! Today we will discuss here on Interpretation of Process capability Analysis’s Result. As you know Process Capability (Cp) is a statistical measurement of a process’s ability to produce parts within specified limits on a consistent basis and it gives us the idea about the width of the Bell curve. And similarly, the Process capability index (Cpk) gives the idea as [1] how closely a process is able to produce the output to its overall specifications. [2] More Value of Cpk means more process capable. [3] Cpk value <1 means the bell curve will out of USL/LSL. This article is all about the decision of process capability analysis means how to take a decision after measuring /calculating the Cp & Cpk value. For your better understanding, we have mentioned the other topics, first of all, go through these articles and download the Excel template /format as well.

Download the Process Capability Excel Template.

Decision of process capability analysis:

As you can see in the above figure, we have considered the three conditions as Cp=1, Cp>1, and Cp<1. The value Cp is generally gives an idea about the width of the bell curve. It means sample spread width. We will see in the graph whether the width of the bell curve is within the specification limit or not. And also we shall give attention to Cpk and Cp value. The complete decision of the above figure is given and if simultaneously, you would like to read our similar types of posts then, you can read the given below articles/topics/posts.

How to measure process capability (Cp & Cpk)? Download Excel Template?

How to measure process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

Process Performance Example (Pp) & Ppk |Download Format

How to calculate process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

Decision:

If the width of Bell Curve is within the specification limit means, sample parameters are within the specification. Less symmetric width w.r.t mean value indicate more control in process.
If width of the curve is out of specification limit [see the above figure, condition Cp<1] it indicate that some of the sample parameters are out of specification (USL/LSL).
Best Industry Practices and as per CSR, the start-up value of Cpk is 1.33 and More Value of Cpk means more process capable.

How to start calculating Cp and Cpk value of manufacturing process parameters?

If the manufacturing process is stable or controlled, then start recording the variable type data after selecting the subgroup type.

Calculate the standard deviation value.

and finally, apply the formula of Cp and Cpk to calculate the value.

Note: We have already mentioned the Articles in this post for manual calculation and by using Minitab. Just read these articles.

Read Similar Post:

Process Performance (Pp) & Ppk Excel Template |DOWNLOAD

Jidoka Autonomation, Bakayoke & Yo-I-don |Concept in TPS

Histogram Template with example | Download

SWOT Analysis Formats

How to do Capability Analysis by Minitab 18? | Minitab Process Capability Tutorial

Thank you for reading …Keep visiting Techiequality.Com

I hope the above Article/ post “Decision of process capability analysis” is useful to you….

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MSA interview questions and answers

16/11/202428/02/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

MSA interview questions and answers:

Hello Readers! Today we will discuss on some popular Interview questions of MSA (Measurement System Analysis). MSA is one of the popular techniques/Methods/Tools among the five core AIAG tools. Basically, the company follows the MSA to know the condition of the gauge /instrument and to know the effectiveness of the appraiser. MSA (Measurement system analysis) is classified into two types i.e. [1] Gauge R & R and [2] Attribute type MSA. If you would like to learn more about Repeatability vs. reproducibility and also you could download the Free Template from the below links. MSA interview questions and answers are given below.

DOWNLOAD the QC / QA / 7QC Tools Excel Template. Learn more about the below topic as;

Repeatability vs Reproducibility | Discussion of Key difference.

Verification vs Validation | What is difference between verification and validation?

Corrective Action vs Preventive Action

Rework vs Repair |IATF Requirement for Control of Reworked/ Repaired Product

MSA interview questions and answers:

Q1: MSA are supposed to be conducted before,

FMEA
APQP
SPC
Control Chart

Ans.: C

Q2: Acceptance criteria for attribute gauge study for Misalarm

Ans.: A

Q3: Reproducibility is high due to

Equipment variation
Wrong instrument used
Variation due to appraiser
None of the above

Ans.: C

Q4: Gauge R&R study acceptance criteria

R&R<10%
ndc < 5
Both option A&B
R&R>30

Ans.: A

Q5: Elements of a measurement system

Instrument
Inspector, instrument, part, characteristics etc.
Inspector, instrument, checking method, environment etc.
None of the above

Ans.: C

Q6: Appropriate statistical study to capture precision

Bias
GR&R
Linearity
None of the above

Ans.: A

Q7: Repeatability represents variation due to

Instrument
Equipment
Appraiser
None of the above

Ans.: A and B.

The above questions are commonly asked in interviews (may be in written or PI). To know more about MSA, read the MSA AIAG Latest manual. You can also read our other useful posts from the below link

How to calculate Cp and Cpk? |Practical Case Study | Process Capability Example.

How to plot the Run Chart in Minitab.

How to plot the Run Chart in Excel | Run Chart Excel Template.

Run Chart Example | Concept & Interpretation of Result with Case Study | Industrial Example.

QA/QC/TQM/Lean/6-Sigma Template or Format:

DMAIC Tools | DMAIC Template | Six Sigma Methodologies | 30+ Free Tools

Six Sigma Project Charter Template

DPMO Calculation, Formula, Template & Manufacturing Example

Process Flow Diagram Template | Examples |Symbols |PFD

P Chart Excel Template | Formula |Example | Control Chart | Calculation

C Chart Excel Template | Formula | Example | Calculation

SIPOC Template | SIPOC Diagram Example of Manufacturing & Service Industry

Scatter Diagram Template | Industrial Example | Download Excel Format

4M Checklist Template | Free Download Format

3MU Check sheet | Details of MURA, MURI & MUDA | Download

Dispersion Analysis Cause & Effect Diagram Template |Download Excel Format

5W1H Analysis Example |Download Template

5W2H Analysis Example |Download 5W2H Format

Fault tree analysis template | Download format free…

Process Performance (Pp) & Ppk Excel Template |DOWNLOAD

Histogram Template with example | Download

SWOT Analysis Word Template

Process Capability Analysis | Cp & Cpk Calculation Excel Sheet with Example

Run Chart Example | Concept & Interpretation of Result with Case Study | Industrial Example:

Risk Register | Download Risk Register Template:

Control Chart Excel Template | How to Plot Control Chart in Excel | Download Template

MTBF and MTTR Template, Format, Calculation | Manufacturing Example

OEE Means | Full Form | Download OEE Template

8D Report | Free Download of 8D Template or Format

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Fishbone Diagram Template With Example

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5 Whys Excel Template , Download why why analysis excel format

why why analysis methodology | 5-why analysis step by step guide

28/02/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

why why analysis methodology | 5-why analysis step by step guide:

Hello readers! Today we will discuss “why why analysis methodology”. How effectively you can do the 5-why analysis. This analysis is the common tool used in the industry to find out the root cause of the problem but most of the people make mistakes during why-why analysis. So we will talk about the step-by-step methodology of why-why analysis. The why-why analysis is one of the inputs for executing the 8D report, CAPA (Corrective action and preventive action), and RCA (Root Cause analysis). Click on the below-given link to download the 8D and CAPA format.

Download 8D Format , CAPA Format & 5W1H Format.

You may like to read similar topics;

Root Cause Analysis | 8 Steps of RCA

8D Report | Free Download of 8D Template | Format

Free Template / Format (QA/ QC)

Decision of process capability analysis |Download Format

How to measure process capability (Cp & Cpk)? Download the Excel Template.

How to measure process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

why why analysis methodology:

Step-1: Identify the Problem.

Step-2: Understand the Problem.

Step-3: CFT team formation.

Step-4: Identify the Potential cause

Step-5: Why-why analysis.

Understanding the why-why analysis methodology by example:

Let Part number 123 find ingate shrinkage after the shot-blasting operation. So this case process-QA engineer started the why-why analysis by using the above methodology.

Identify the Problem:

At the shot-blasting operation, a process-QA engineer identified that two number casting got rejected due to ingate shrinkage.

Understand the Problem:

Understanding the problem means technically knowing what exactly is it? How is it occurring? (potential cause). In the above example, we are supposed to have knowledge on “what is shrinkage?

CFT team formation:

If you think that the problem may be due to issues with the melting parameter, moulding parameter, or design. Then you have to create a CFT team considering with the above departments.

Identify the Potential cause:

Now initially individual members will identify the potential cause. And then combine all members of the CFT team will identify the potential cause. Let’s see, in case of a shrinkage problem what would be the final list of potential cause.

Why-why analysis:

In this section, we are supposed to identify the significant cause of the potential cause. We have already identified the potential cause with the help of the CFT team and represented it through cause and effect diagram.

To identify the significant cause from the above C&E Diagram, we need to use the methodology like brainstorming method, validation method, and hypothesis testing method. With the help of the brainstorming and validation method, we found that the “wrong gating system” is the significant cause. So now we will do the Why-why analysis by CFT team members.

Problem: Wrong gating system.

Why wrong gating system?

Ans.: gating system was modified

Why gating system was modified?

Ans.: Gating system was modified w.r.t customer complaint but gating system was not validated before mass production.

Why gating system was not validated?

Ans.: There was no time to validate the part because production planning was scheduled without prior consideration of tool validation

RC: Improper Production planning and Schedule.

Once you completed the analysis you can document these in a 5-whys analysis template.

Funnel Approach of Why-Why Analysis:

Once you identify the potential cause then we could also use the funnel approach to identify the Root cause by 5-why analysis.

In the above funnel diagram, we have mentioned three basic stages and applied some tools/ methods/ testing like validation, brainstorming, hypothesis testing, etc. to identify the significant cause in stage-2. and then applied the 5-why analysis to detect the Root cause in stage-3. In this way, we can use this approach to identify the RC.

Why-Why Analysis Methodology to Identify the Multiple Root Cause:

In the above section, we learned the two different methodologies for why-why analysis. and in both case, we found a single root cause. we know that theoretically there will be a single root cause of a problem but technically there will be a minimum one root cause of a problem. So here we have mentioned in the below figure for the methodology to identify the multiple root causes.

Why-Why Analysis for Multiple Root Cause

Step-1: Identification and Understanding of the Problem

Step-2: CFT Team Formation and list up the Potential Causes by using tools like Brainstorming, CTP Matrix, Fishbone Diagram, etc.

Step-3: Significant Cause identification with the help of Brainstorming, Hypothesis Testing, Validation, etc.

Step-4: Identification of Root Cause by why-why/ 5W1H analysis of each individual Significant Cause.

8D Report | Free Download of 8D Template | Format

What is SPC | SPC Tools.

7QC Tools for Problem Solving | What are 7 QC Tools

How to Plot Pareto Chart in Excel ( with example)

How to plot Histogram in Excel (Step by step guide with example)

7QC Tools Excel Template |DOWNLOAD Format

28/02/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

7QC Tools Excel Template |DOWNLOAD Format:

7QC tools are the most important tools that are used to analyze the Non-conforming products or services. As you know that the manufacturing process is a dynamic operation where common or special causes are always available at any extent. For analysis, the common and special cause’s 7QC tools are usually used. 7QC tools consist of [1] Pareto chart [2] Cause and Effect Diagram [3] Histogram [4] Scatter Diagram [5] Control Chart [6] Check sheet [7] Graph /Process flow. We have prepared a simple Excel template/ format and offering it here to our valuable readers to download these formats /templates. Links are given below to download the 7QC Tools Excel Template.

DOWNLOAD-Pareto Chart Excel Template/ Format.

Cause & Effect Diagram Excel Template/ Format – DOWNLOAD.

DOWNLOAD Control Chart Excel Template/ Format.

Histogram Excel Template/ Format– DOWNLOAD

Usages Matrix of 7-QC Tools:

7QC Tools	Problem Identification	Process Analysis	Solution Development	Result Evaluation
Pareto Chart	Yes	Yes		Yes
Fishbone Diagram	Yes	Yes
Histogram	Yes			Yes
Scatter Diagram		Yes	Yes	Yes
Control Chart	Yes	Yes		Yes
Check Sheet	Yes	Yes		Yes
Flow Char	Yes		Yes

Benefits of 7QC Tools:

Identifies Problem.
Priorities task.
Give importance to planning.
Process analysis.
Result evaluation.

The Techiequality.Com has been helping its readers with all extensions to enhance their skills with best industrial practices w.r.t QA, QC, Six Sigma concept, Lean design, lean manufacturing, business excellence, 5’S, etc. So mentioned some posts below that you would love to read…

Download QA, QC formats.

why why analysis methodology | 5-why analysis step by step guide.

Decision of process capability analysis |Download Format.

Pull Production System | Concept.

Jidoka Autonomation, Bakayoke & Yo-I-don |Concept in TPS.

Swot Analysis of Company Challenges.

Histogram Example | Foundry Industries Examples.

Repeatability vs Reproducibility | Discussion of Key difference.

Verification vs Validation | What is the difference between verification and validation?

Rework vs Repair |IATF Requirement for Control of Reworked/ Repaired Product.

Thank you for reading…Keep visiting Techiequality.Com

I hope the above information is useful to you for your skill enhancement and deployment of 7QC tools in your organization …

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How to calculate process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

28/02/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

How to calculate process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

Hi Readers! Today we will discuss on How to calculate process performance? The Pp (Process Performance) provides a measure of how well the process will satisfy the variability requirements. The Index of process performance is termed as Ppk. It takes the process location as well as the performance into account. Before discussing on calculation part, I would request my all readers kindly go through the formula of Pp and Ppk. And if you are interested in downloading our free Excel template then click on the below download link.

DOWNLOAD Excel Template/Format of Pp & Ppk calculation with Example.

How to use Pp & Ppk Template / Format in your process to calculate the index value? Step-1: Download the Template/ Format from the above links. Step-2: Read the note mentioned in the excel template. Step-3: Only the yellow color box (mentioned in format) is changeable and other values will calculate automatically.

The formula of Pp (Process Performance):

Pp = ((USL-LSL)/ (6 X S))

[Where USL=Upper specification limit, LSL=Lower specification limit, and S= Standard Deviation]

Formula of Ppk (Process Performance Index):

Ppk = Minimum of PPU or PPL

PPU= ((USL-Average of average)/ (3 X S))

PPL= ((Average of average-LSL)/ (3 X S))

Note: Pp ≥ Ppk.

Example:

A Company ZYX Ltd has collected 100 numbers readings of Pouring temperature having the specification range from 1420°C to 1400°C and calculates the process performance and its index to know the performance of a process, which means how well it satisfies the variability requirement. So we have the 100 numbers of reading and we will calculate the Pp & Ppk value;

Sl. No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
SG1	1409	1410	1412	1410	1408	1414	1413	1411
SG2	1408	1410	1412	1410	1408	1414	1413	1411
SG3	1408	1409	1411	1410	1405	1413	1411	1410
SG4	1406	1409	1410	1409	1405	1413	1411	1410
SG5	1406	1408	1410	1409	1404	1412	1411	1410

Table-1

Note: SG=Subgroup

9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
1413	1408	1413	1412	1410	1409	1412	1408
1413	1408	1413	1412	1410	1408	1412	1408
1411	1405	1411	1410	1410	1408	1411	1405
1411	1405	1411	1410	1409	1406	1410	1405
1410	1404	1411	1410	1409	1406	1410	1404

Table-1

17	18	19	20
1412	1408	1410	1408
1412	1408	1410	1408
1411	1405	1410	1405
1410	1405	1409	1405
1410	1404	1409	1404

Table-1

Calculation:

Pp=20/ (6 X 2.69) =1.24

PPU= (1420-1409.04)/ (3 X 2.69) =1.36

PPL= (1409.04-1400)/ (3 X 2.69) =1.12

Ppk=1.12 (Minimum of PPU or PPL).

Sample Format:

Useful Articles:

Quality at the source | Steps to Implement It

Jidoka Autonomation, Bakayoke & Yo-I-don |Concept in TPS

Pull Production System | Concept

Free Download the QA Templates

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Process Performance Example (Pp) & Ppk |Download Format

24/02/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

Process Performance Example (Pp) & Ppk |Download Format

Hello Readers! Today we will discuss and measure the process performance (Pp) and its index (Ppk) with industrial examples. If you are interested in gaining basic knowledge about Process Performance, then go through the below link and also on this platform you can download the Excel templates or formats. details have been illustrated with a Process Performance Example.

DOWNLOAD EXCEL TEMPLATE (Pp & Ppk and many more.)

Example-1:

We are having 100 numbers of readings of Total clay of green sand used in the metal manufacturing industry. Details of the reading are given below;

Sl.No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Subgroup1	12.50	12.70	12.80	12.90	12.80	12.90	12.80	13.00	12.90	12.70
Subgroup2	12.50	12.90	12.90	12.90	12.80	12.90	12.70	13.10	12.90	12.90
Subgroup3	12.50	12.80	12.50	12.90	12.90	12.80	12.90	12.90	12.90	12.80
Subgroup4	12.80	12.80	12.80	13.10	12.90	12.80	12.80	12.80	13.10	12.80
Subgroup5	12.60	12.80	12.70	13.00	12.70	12.70	12.80	12.80	13.00	12.80

Table-1

11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
12.80	13.00	12.70	12.90	12.80	12.70	12.90	12.80	13.00	12.70
12.80	13.10	12.90	12.90	12.80	12.90	12.90	12.80	13.10	12.90
12.90	12.90	12.80	12.90	12.90	12.80	12.90	12.90	12.90	12.80
12.90	12.80	12.80	13.10	12.90	12.80	13.10	12.90	12.80	12.80
12.70	12.80	12.80	13.00	12.70	12.80	13.00	12.70	12.80	12.80

Table-1

Process parameters;

Characteristics	Total clay of green sand
Process:	Sand Preparation Process

USL	14
LSL	12

Calculation:

The formula of Pp (Process Performance):

Pp = ((USL-LSL)/ (6 X S))

= (14-12)/ (6 X 0.13) = 2.64.

The Formula of Ppk (Process Performance Index):

Ppk = Minimum of PPU or PPL

PPU= ((USL-Average of average)/ (3 X S))

PPL= ((Average of average-LSL)/ (3 X S))

Ppk= Minimum of PPU or PPL = Min. (3.06, 2.22) = 2.22

Summary of calculation:

Note: Click here to know more about manual calculation and download the free excel template from the above link.

You can also love to read similar topics;

How to calculate process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

Process Performance (Pp) & Ppk Excel Template |DOWNLOAD

Process Capability Analysis |Cp & Cpk Calculation Excel Sheet with Example

How to calculate Cp and Cpk? |Practical Case Study | Process Capability Example

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How to measure process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

24/02/2024 by TECHIEQUALITY

How to measure process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

Hello Readers, Today we will learn “how to measure process performance?” Process Performance and its index can be measured by calculating the value manually or by using an Excel sheet or by using the software. In this post, we will calculate the Pp and Ppk value, but you can download the free Excel template or format for your ready reference, this offer is available for a limited time period! Don’t waste your time; just download the Format or Template from the below link.

DOWNLOAD the Excel Template/Format of Pp & Ppk.

How to use Pp & Ppk Template / Format in your process to calculate the index value?
Step-1: Download the Template/ Format from the above links. Step-2: Read the note mentioned in excel template. Step-3: Only the yellow color box (mentioned in Template) is changeable and other values will calculate automatically.

How to measure process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

As you know we have already told you that process performance and its index can be easily measured through an Excel sheet or by using the software. For manual calculation, we have to give more attention in basic knowledge and formula part. So, Pp and Ppk formula is given below, kindly go through it.

Formula of Pp (Process Performance):

Pp = ((USL-LSL)/ (6 X S))

[Where USL=Upper specification limit, LSL=Lower specification limit and S= Standard Deviation]

The formula of Ppk (Process Performance Index):

Ppk = Minimum of PPU or PPL

PPU= ((USL-Average of average)/ (3 X S))

PPL= ((Average of average-LSL)/ (3 X S))

Note: Pp ≥ Ppk.

Example:

A process engineer has collected 100 numbers of readings of molten grey cast iron carbon percentage.

Details of readings are given below:

Sl.No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Subgroup1	3.22	3.28	3.21	3.23	3.27	3.24	3.24	3.22	3.24	3.28
Subgroup2	3.21	3.29	3.26	3.23	3.28	3.21	3.26	3.21	3.26	3.29
Subgroup3	3.25	3.23	3.24	3.21	3.29	3.25	3.24	3.23	3.25	3.27
Subgroup4	3.20	3.20	3.25	3.25	3.25	3.26	3.26	3.22	3.26	3.27
Subgroup5	3.21	3.25	3.26	3.28	3.24	3.21	3.28	3.21	3.25	3.28

Data Table-1

11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
3.26	3.31	3.28	3.24	3.27	3.21	3.28	3.24	3.27	3.21
3.25	3.20	3.29	3.21	3.28	3.26	3.29	3.21	3.28	3.26
3.24	3.26	3.27	3.25	3.29	3.24	3.23	3.25	3.29	3.24
3.26	3.22	3.27	3.26	3.25	3.25	3.20	3.26	3.25	3.25
3.24	3.22	3.28	3.21	3.24	3.26	3.25	3.21	3.24	3.26

Data Table-1

Calculation:

Characteristics	%C
Process:	Melting Process
USL	3.3
LSL	3.2
Std. Dev.	0.03
PPU	0.65
PPL	0.61
Pp	0.63
Ppk	0.61

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How to calculate process performance (Pp & Ppk)?

The formula of Pp (Process Performance):

Formula of Ppk (Process Performance Index):

Example:

Calculation: