Toyota Production System History

Toyota Production System History

Toyota Production System History

Toyota Production System History: In the 1800s, the Toyoda family has started the first business as a textile firm but later in 1935, they began producing cars. Initially, the quality of the cars was very poor. In 1950, Eiji Toyoda visited the Ford Motor Company to learn and establish the methods of mass production in their Toyota car manufacturing plant. After months of studying the plant, Toyoda concluded that Ford’s production system was not suitable in Japan. In the US, only one type of car was produced in a plant. Toyoda would like to produce a variety of cars in just one plant. Also, Toyota Company has so many other problems as a short supply of capital that prevented him from investing heavily in modern equipment and technology and the strong Japanese company labours unions, Because of which he could not readily hire workers.

Toyota Production System Tools & Technique

Toyota Production System History
Toyota Production System History

Finally, Toyoda has decided that Ford production system would not be suitable for their car manufacturing company and called production engineer Taiichii Ohno to aid him in developing a workable system taking into consideration the restrictions of his company. Because of the restrictions Taiichii Ohno had to design a system that would be more efficient, less costly, and more flexible, would be less wasteful than traditional mass-production methods. The system developed by taiichii Ohno and Toyoda was later termed as “Toyota Production System”.

The Prototypes of the TPS (Toyota Production System” is the JIT (Just-In-Time) & Autonomation. The Objective of the JIT was to produce the necessary units in the quantities needed at the time they were needed. Just-in-time is a popular name but some companies call it as Continuous-flow manufacturing, Stockless production, management by sight, short-cycle manufacturing and time-based competition, etc.

The major elements of Just-In-Time are;

  1. No machine breakdowns
  2. Flexible resources
  3. Steady Production against stable demand.
  4. High-Quality Product.
  5. Quick machine set-up
  6. Reliable External providers
  7. Employee discipline

The word Autonomation means automation with human touch or autonomous defect control.

The Principles used in TPS (Toyota Production System are;

Toyota Principles

  1. Supplier network
  2. Quality at the source
  3. TPM
  4. Quick set-up
  5. Level production
  6. Small-lot production
  7. Kanban Production control
  8. Pull production system
  9. Cellular layouts
  10. Flexible resources.
  11. Autonomation

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Histogram Example | Foundry Industries Examples

Histogram Example

Histogram Example | Foundry Industries Examples

Histogram Example: Hello, Readers! Here we will discuss two important industrial examples to prepare a Histogram and its interpretation. If you are interested in downloading the Excel template/format, then go through the beneath links.

DOWNLOAD [Histogram Template in Excel format].

How to Prepare Histogram in Excel?

Histogram Example
Histogram Example

Example-1:

A Process engineer of an organization (XYZ Ltd) had decided to know the bins range [frequency distribution] of pouring temperature of casting and he has started collecting the data of 30 number readings and analyzing that data distribution that histogram graph is normal or non-normal. Illustrations of the same readings are given below,

Histogram Example
Histogram Example

DOWNLOAD Example-1’s Histogram Excel Template.

Parameter: Pouring Temperature of Casting 1390±10°C M/C   Shift   Date  
Sl. No Readings Sl. No Readings
 1 1390 16 1399
2 1389 17 1395
3 1395 18 1397
4 1394 19 1396
5 1393 20 1392
6 1392 21 1393
7 1397 22 1393
8 1398 23 1400
9 1397 24 1389
10 1393 25 1390
11 1396 26 1390
12 1400 27 1391
13 1391 28 1392
14 1400 29 1393
15 1398 30 1397
Min. 1389
Max. 1400
Count 30
Interval 1.2
Parameter Frequency
1389 2
1390.2 3
1391.4 2
1392.7 3
1393.9 5
1395.1 3
1396.3 2
1397.6 4
1398.8 2
1400.0 1
1401.2 3
Sum of frequency 30
 Exmp. of frequency distribution
Example-1

Interpretation of Result: Non-normal data distribution.

Example-2:

We have collected the 30 readings of green sand permeability, details are given below and also, and we have plotted a histogram to know the data frequency distribution.

DOWNLOAD Exanple-2’s Histogram Excel Format.

Parameter: Green sand Permeability 200±10 M/C   Shift   Date  
Sl. No Readings Sl. No Readings
1 201 16 200
2 200 17 201
3 202 18 201
4 201 19 203
5 200 20 201
6 199 21 198
7 199 22 199
8 198 23 197
9 201 24 197
10 200 25 198
11 199 26 199
12 198 27 200
13 197 28 201
14 199 29 203
15 198 30 200
Min. 197
Max. 203
Count 30
Interval 0.7
Parameter Frequency
197 3
197.7 0
198.3 5
199.0 0
199.7 6
200.3 6
201.0 0
201.7 7
202.3 1
203.0 0
203.7 2
Sum of frequency 30
Histogram Example
Example-2
Interpretation of Result: Non-Normal data distribution.

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Pareto Chart Example of Manufacturing Units

Pareto Chart Example

Pareto Chart Example of Manufacturing Units

Pareto Chart Example: Hello Readers! Today we will discuss about the pareto chart principle (80/20 Rule) with manufacturing examples.

DOWNLOAD the Below Example Pareto chart in Excel format.

Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule): –

The 80/20 Rule or Pareto Principle is the most important part of Pareto Analysis. The rule 80/20 says that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.

History of 80/20 Rule: In Italy, Vilfredo Pareto has originally observed that 20% of people were owned 80% of the land. This principle was applied to quality control and favoured the use of the statement of the phrase, which is “The Vital few and useful many” to define the 80/20 rule in the 20th century by Dr. Joseph M. Juran.

Understanding of Principle with Manufacturing Example:

 We have taken the major defects related to the Metal fabrication and casting Process. We will analyze the contribution of defects among all with the help of the Pareto principle 980/20 Rule). So, let’s get started with two important examples, details are given below.

Example:
Defects Quantity
Fatigue 41
High temp. defect 37
Mechanical Property degradation 32
Creep 28
Env. Interaction 23
Microstructural changes 19
Wear 16
Abbrasive Wear 12
fretting 9
Erosion 5

Now, we are supposed to calculate the Cumulative total and Cumulative percentage

Defects Quantity Cumulative
Total
Cumulative in
%
Fatigue 41 41 18%
High temp. defect 37 78 35%
Mechanical Property degradation 32 110 50%
Creep 28 138 62%
Env. Interaction 23 161 73%
Microstructural changes 19 180 81%
Wear 16 196 88%
Abbrasive Wear 12 208 94%
fretting 9 217 98%
Erosion 5 222 100%

Now, we will plot the Pareto chart and will apply the 80/20 rule to know the 80% contribution among all defects.

Pareto Chart Example
Pareto Chart Example

Application of 80/20 rule on the above example: kindly go through the above example and Pareto chart as well, in the aforesaid Pareto chart we have marked by the red color arrow and it is indicating the 80% contribution on a line graph, which means whatever defects are coming under the arrow are contributing the 80% contribution. If you are able to resolve these defects means, your 80% contribution will be solved out of 100%.

I hope the above articles are useful and you people are understood well.

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Swot Analysis of a Company Challenges

Company Challenges

Swot Analysis of a Company Challenges:

Hello Readers! Today, we will discuss the top challenges of a small company these are often facing. Same we will analyze here through SWOT Analysis. As you know SWOT analysis is a very popular tool and a strategic planning technique, which is generally used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. So with the help of that, we will identify the top business challenge’s Weaknesses, threats, and opportunities.  

DOWNLOAD the SWOT analysis report of the top challenges of a company in an Excel file.

Full-form & Basic Information about SWOT Analysis:

Strength: Advantages of Business Characteristics.

Weakness: Disadvantage of Business Characteristics.

Opportunity: Business Element that could be exploited to its advantage.

Threat: The Business element that could cause trouble for the business.

When to use SWOT Analysis:

You can use the SWOT analysis process in the below field but not limited to;

  • To overcome the Business concern types problem.
  • To explore a new opportunity in NPD, Process Defects, Design defects, Manufacturing defects, R/M Defects, Customer End defects, technology up-gradation, etc.

Top 8 Challenges of a Company:

  1. Technology up-gradation
  2. Investment Business Plan
  3. Timely NPD
  4. Manufacturing Process Control
  5. Legal challenges
  6. Raw material crisis
  7. Business Competition
  8. IR

SWOT Analysis:

Company Challenges
Company Challenges
I/PStrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreat
Technology up-gradation not in timelyThe Investment cost is low1. Low Productivity.
2. High COPQ.
3. High conversion cost.
4. Non-fulfillment of customer requirement w.r.t market value.
Re-engineering, value engineering, and NPD with a high-capacity automation system.1. Low sales value
2. Customer Dissatisfaction
3. Business losses.
Investment business PlanLimited products required less time to produce1. Raw material crisis
2. Low Production Volume
3. Non-fulfillment of the statutory and regulatory requirements.
4. IR problem
Comprehensive business plan with contingency plan/ emergency planCompany shut-down
Legal challenges1. Raw material crisis
2. Low Production Volume
3. Non-fulfillment of the statutory and regulatory requirements.
4. IR problem
Fulfillment of statutory and regulatory requirementsCompany shut-down
SWOT Analysis Example

Top 6 Marketing Issues:

  1. Sales Issue.
  2. Reputation Issue.
  3. Operations Issue.
  4. Price Issue.
  5. Demand Issue.
  6. Brand Issue.

For Top 6 Marketing Issues, we have separately written articles, if you are interested in reading then CLICK-HERE.

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SWOT Analysis Formats

SWOT Analysis Formats

SWOT Analysis Formats:

SWOT Analysis Formats are very useful tools for the identification of Risks in several operations. As you know the SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning technique, which is generally used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to the context of the organization. So here we have uploaded several customized SWOT Analysis Formats or templates. Just go through the below links and download the Formats.

DOWNLOAD [ SWOT Analysis Template in Excel]

SWOT Analysis Formats [DOWNLOAD Below]

SWOT Analysis Formats
SWOT Analysis Formats
  • I/P: This is the input points that you would like to do the SWOT analysis. For example, several factors and business issues (Internal and External).
  • Internal issues example: policy, Standards, business strategy, labour strikes, Major accidents, Raw material Crisis, etc.
  • External Issues Example: Legal, Customer Contract, Profit loss, loss in share market, etc.
  • Strength: Advantages of Business Characteristics.
  • Weakness: Disadvantage of Business Characteristics.
  • Opportunity: Business Element that could be exploited to its advantage.
  • Threat: The Business element that could cause trouble for the business.

When to use SWOT Analysis:

You can use the SWOT analysis process in the below field but not limited to…;

  • To overcome the Business concern types problem.
  • To explore the new opportunities in NPD, Process Defects, Design defects, Manufacturing defects, R/M Defects, Customer End defectss, technology up-gradation, Socio-political issues, Internal factors, Issues to business strategy, etc.

Note: The SWOT Analysis tool is the best one to use for identifying the Risk and Opportunity of several Business system standards like IATF 16949, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO 31000, etc.

SWOT Analysis Examples in several Activities:

Swot Analysis of Marketing Operation

Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples

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Sales vs Marketing |Top-5 Marketing Issue SWOT Analysis

Sales vs Marketing

Sales vs Marketing:

Hello Readers! Here, we will discuss the key difference between Sales vs Marketing operations. Sales and marketing are interrelated operations. Day by day digital marketing is becoming more effective than traditional marketing. Before doing digital marketing, we are supposed to know the basic difference between sales and marketing.

Top 5 Marketing Issue’s SWOT Analysis Report. [CLICK-HERE]

Sales vs Marketing:

Sales vs Marketing
Sales vs Marketing

MARKETING: It’s the strategic planning and execution of an effort to develop and support a brand name and broadcast offering to a defined audience. Several approaches should be adopted to promote the brand name and products through advertising, web, mail, etc.

  • Protect the brand reputation.
  • Understand customer-specific requirements and create products or services to fulfill their needs.
  • Target on massive population.
  • Marketing always gives focuses on customer needs and expectations.
  • To Promote the brand name, product, and service up to the relevant end users.
  • Long-term strategy on market value.
  • Comprehensive plan for becoming a world no.1 Brand in the market.
  • Marketing has a strong strategy to pull customers towards a company.

SALES: The number of Products or services that a company sells within a stipulated time period. The Best approach for sales operations is client relationship management.

  • Protect the Brand’s Customers.
  • Convince the customer that the product or service fulfills his needs and expectations.
  • Target on an individual traffic.
  • The sales strategy is to push out of the door.
  • Sales itself is an image of the brand.
  • It’s the one-to-one communication path.
  • Price is the most influential parameter w.r.t competitions.
  • The Sales aim is to persuade someone to buy it.

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SWOT Analysis Word Template

Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples

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Histogram Template with example | Download

Histogram Template

Histogram Template with example | Download

The Histogram Template is prepared in a simple format with an industrial example. We have described the example in below, just go through this article and Download the Template / Format. It’s a very useful tool and is frequently used in manufacturing industries. The main function is to know the frequency distribution, symmetry, and skewness, and it also helps to determine the normality of data by drawing the bell curve.

DOWNLOAD [Histogram Template in Excel format].

Histogram Template
Histogram Template

Basic Information on Histogram:

A histogram is one of the 7QC tools and commonly used graph to show frequency distribution. Helps summarize data from a process that has been collected over a period of time.

A histogram is a representation of the frequency distribution of numerical data. it was first familiarized by Karl Pearson. A histogram is related to merely one type of variable data. You should calculate the interval value to represent the bins. Bins shall give an idea about the how much data falls within the selected data range’s width. Histogram gives the indication about data distribution as normal, skewed, or bi-modal.

How to use our Histogram Template:

Step-1: Download the Histogram Template from the above link.

Step-2: Carefully read the “Note” mentioned in the Excel template.

Step-3: Enter the reading only in the yellow color box. Then other values will calculate automatically and your histogram will be ready for interpretation.

Note:

1. Only yellow colour boxes are changeable

2. Make sure that the sum of frequency is equal to the total count, e.g. sum of frequency in a given example [example is given in histogram excel format, just download and see the example] is 30 and the count is also 30, if not then you have to adjust the parameters and frequency table in frequency distribution format for doing so click on the link given “How to adjust parameters and frequency table in Histogram Template?”.

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Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples

Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples

Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples:

Hello Readers! Today’s topic is a very interesting and useful topic that I am going to describe in detail in the SWOT Analysis process with many more examples. As you know SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning technique, which is generally used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and Threats related to the context of the organization. If you would like to download the template with Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples, then go through the given below link.

SWOT Analysis Template / Format.  [DOWNLOAD]

Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples
Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples

Strength: Advantages of Business Characteristics.

Weakness: Disadvantage of Business Characteristics.

Opportunity: Business Element that could be exploited to its advantage.

Threat: The Business element that could cause trouble for the business.

When to use SWOT Analysis:

You can use the SWOT analysis process in the below field but not limited to;

  • To overcome the Business concern types problem.
  • To explore new opportunities in NPD, Process Defects, Design defects, Manufacturing defects, R/M Defects, Customer End defects, technology up-gradation, etc.

Note: The SWOT Analysis tool is the best one to use for identifying the Risk and Opportunity of several Business system standards like IATF 16949, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO 31000, etc.

DOWNLOAD QA & QC Template / Formats

Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples:

Here, we are going to do the SWOT analysis of beneath Examples. So carefully read the Examples.

EXAMPLES:

  1. A Mobile manufacturing company has launched a mobile phone and after six months, the company’s particular product got more customer complaints due to screen issues causing a loss of brand image in the market. And accordingly, the company loses the 10% sales values of the previous.
  2. Rejection percentage of Mobile PCB is increased from 1% to 1.35%.

SWOT Analysis of Example-1

I/PStrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreat
Loss of brand ImageService Centers, Well-developed R&D Centre, QA teams, Latest Technology, QA Testing.Screen issues like a black spot on the screen, Flickering black screen, and Vertical split screen due to manufacturing problems (Special causes).Upgradation of screen quality through value engineering.10% sales loss, Customer Dissatisfaction, and Business losses.
detailed swot analysis examples
 SWOT Analysis of Example-2
I/PStrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreat
High Process RejectionProcess characteristics validation, Inspection, Checking, and Testing.Shortage of highly skilled labors, More variation in the process.Strengthen the on-Job TrainingCustomer dissatisfaction, Profit loss.
Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples
Detailed SWOT Analysis Examples

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Corrective Action vs Preventive Action

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SWOT Analysis Word Template

SWOT Analysis Word Template

SWOT Analysis Word, Excel, PDF and PPT Template:

Hello Readers! Download the SWOT Analysis Word Template, and also in Excel, PDF, and PPT from. Links are given below.

DOWNLOAD– QA & QC Format

The SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning technique, which is generally used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to the context of the organization.

DOWNLOAD the SWOT Analysis Templates / Formats in Word, Excel, PDF, and PPT form:

Illustration of Template / Format:

SWOT Analysis Word Template
SWOT Analysis Word Template
  • I/P: This is the input points that you would like to do the SWOT analysis. For example, several factors and business issues (Internal and External).
  • Internal issues example: policy, Standards, business strategy, labor strikes, Major accidents, Raw material Crisis, etc.
  • External Issues Example: Legal, Customer Contract, Profit loss, loss in share market, etc.
  • Strength: Advantages of Business Characteristics.
  • Weakness: Disadvantage of Business Characteristics.
  • Opportunity: Business Element that could be exploited to its advantage.
  • Threat: The Business element that could cause trouble for the business.

When to use SWOT Analysis:

You can use the SWOT analysis process in the below field but not limited to;

  • To overcome the Business concern types problem.
  • To explore the new opportunities in NPD, Process Defects, Design defects, Manufacturing defects, R/M Defects, Customer End defects, technology up-gradation, Socio-political issues, Internal factors, Issues to business strategy,  etc.

Note: The SWOT Analysis tool is the best one to use for identifying the Risk and Opportunity of several Business system standards like IATF 16949, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO 31000, etc.

EXAMPLES:

A car manufacturing company has lost its car sales 30% of the average of the last six months’ sales. After that, top management decided to do a SWOT analysis to identify the opportunity and their major threats.

SWOT Analysis (Example): 30% reduction in sales

I/PStrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreat
30% reduction in salesOffer in some special car, Low price, Low maintenance, Features w.r.t customer needs, etc.Lack of Digital and traditional marketing, Cost reduction, and old aesthetical view. Old interior designRedesign of Car, Electric car.Company Shut down, Decline in sales turn-over.
example

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How to calculate Cp and Cpk? |Practical Case Study | Process Capability Example.

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Thank you for reading…..Keep visiting Techiequality.com

I hope the above is useful to you.

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Swot Analysis of Marketing Operation

Swot Analysis of Marketing

Swot Analysis of Marketing Operation:

Hello Readers! Today, we will describe marketing-related Top 5 issues through SWOT Analysis.  As you know SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning technique, which is generally used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to the context of the organization.

SWOT Analysis Template – [DOWNLOAD in Excel]  [DOWNLOAD in Word].

Swot Analysis of Marketing
Swot Analysis of Marketing

The SWOT:

Strength: Advantages of Business Characteristics.

Weakness: Disadvantage of Business Characteristics.

Opportunity: Business Element that could be exploited to its advantage.

Threat: The Business element that could cause trouble for the business.

When to use SWOT Analysis:

You can use the SWOT analysis process in the below field but not limited to;

  • To overcome the Business concern types problem.
  • To explore a new opportunity in NPD, Process Defects, Design defects, Manufacturing defects, R/M Defects, Customer End defects, technology up-gradation, etc.

Note: The SWOT Analysis tool is the best one to use for identifying the Risk and Opportunity of several Business system standards like IATF 16949, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO 31000, etc.

Top 6 Marketing Issues:

  1. Sales Issue.
  2. Reputation Issue.
  3. Operations Issue.
  4. Price Issue.
  5. Demand Issue.
  6. Brand Issue.

SWOT Analysis of the above major top marketing Issues are illustrated below;

list
Swot Analysis of Marketing
Swot Analysis of Marketing

Sales Issue:

SWOT Analysis of  Sales Issue:

I/PStrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreat
Sales IssueHigh-performing salesperson, Traditional Marketing, Digital marketing, Strong supply ChainLimited product range w.r.t market demand, High competitive product, High Product cost.A Variety range of products needs to be introduced in the marketA Drop down of sales quantities, Profit Loss, and The Company shut down.

Reputation Issue:

SWOT Analysis of  Reputation Issue:

I/PStrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreat
Reputation IssueA good relationship with the customer, High Customer Satisfaction, Excellent Vendor performancePoor customer ServicesTo enhance customer service through supply chain management.Profit loss, A drop-down of sales quantities

Operation Issue:

SWOT Analysis of  Operation Issue:

I/PStrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreat
Operation IssueAdvanced R&D Centre, Quick New Product development, Strong QC TeamSupply chain problem, Poor inventory levels.Strengthen the supply chain managementProfit loss, A drop-down in sales quantities, Loss in the Brand image, Loss in market demand

Useful Articles:

SWOT Analysis Word Template

SWOT Analysis Examples

Verification vs Validation | What is difference between verification and validation?

Kaizen vs Innovation | Key Differences between Kaizen and Innovation

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